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More people have died as a result of disease transmission than have died in genuine wars. Despite being a naturally occurring disease, the great influenza epidemic of 1918 killed 20 million people globally during World War I. However, genetic engineering is employed to develop bioweapon agents. Bioweapons are weapons that involve the deliberate use of chemicals and microorganisms to cause sickness and death in people. Because biological agents are readily available and are easy to carry from one location to another, they are less likely to be detected during routine security checks and they are inexpensive to produce. This weapon is both deadly and appealing to use. This paper discusses various bioweapon systems as well as computer-based techniques used in the medical and agricultural fields to detect and counter any disease spread by bioweapons. A mathematical model (SEIR) for the prediction of infectious diseases has been described and modelled, and it can be used to predict cases in certain areas. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Preeti Nagrath, Jafar A. Alzubi, Bhawna Singla, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues and A. K. Verma;individual chapters, the contributors.
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In the contemporary time of technology, security is the utmost concern for every building automation system. Access Control Systems are the backbone of any security system being employed in any intelligent building, and can be operated in a biometric or non-biometric manner. There are various types of recognition systems available, depending upon the required level of safety and security. The ongoing pandemic has challenged and tested Access Control System in many aspects.This paper aims to review the various forms of access control systems and their viability in the context of COVID-19. It is found that some access control solutions fail to provide the required security during this global epidemic due to their contact-based operations. So, in the midst of the worldwide pandemic, a realistic integrated electronic access control system can be designed to meet the requirements of users. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: Coronavirus belongs to the phylum Incertaesedis, Nidovirales order, Or-thocononaviridae subfamily. and spring up from the family of viruses that can cause the common cold, fever, shortness of breath, aches, chills, loss of smell, etc. Objective(s): As we all know;coronavirus has affected the whole world, and many patients died due to it. As the prevalence of this disease has risen, many myths have also originated like the effect of temperature on the virus;is this virus surely killed by the effect of temperature? Is the effect of this virus is more on the old age patients? In the presented compilation, we have tried to expose the actual reality behind these myths and also tried to find the morphological alteration of coronavirus from the other viruses. Method(s): The recent updates on this virus have been obtained from search engines like Pub med and Google scholar, by using COVID-19, coronavirus, Pandemic corona keywords. Result(s): After a huge search on the temperature effect on this disease, it was evident that there is no effect of temperature on the coronavirus. Due to the immunity factor, it showed its worst effect on old age people in many countries. Conclusion(s): The structure, symptoms and incubation period of coronavirus have been described in this review article. We have summarized how the coronavirus is different from others, and the effects of temperature and old age have also been discussed.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Background: SARS-CoV-2 has a high mutation rate, resulting in the emergence of multiple variants in a shorter time frame, starting with Wuhan strain during first wave, then Delta during second wave and Omicron during third wave. World faced distressing spread of novel corona virus. The reason for this study was to look at the third flood of SARS-CoV-2, clinical highlights and risk factors in northern India. Method(s): This study involved 1,43,983 individuals for testing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during January 2022 by RT-PCR. The epidemiological record was collected as per the guidelines of ICMR from the patient forms. Result(s): A total of 12.24% individuals were found positive with mean age of 29+/-10 years. Large portion of positive population (63.87%) was asymptomatic. Among the positive population, higher positivity rate was observed in males (57.51%) with age band of 21-40 years (51.17%). Significant association (p value = <0.00001) was found between positivity rate with age, gender and status (symptomatic/ asymptomatic). SARS-CoV-2 was shown to be more prevalent in Patiala, (49.66%) district followed by Ludhiana (24.24%), Sangrur (10.06%), Mansa (7.06%), Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (6.90%) and Malerkotla (2.08%) during second and third week of January 2022. Hypertension and bronchial asthma were the most well-known comorbidities found in the current study. Conclusion(s): In totality, current study showed positivity rate of 12.24% from large population size for SARS CoV-2 from period of 1st January 2022 to 31 January 2022. Current findings include younger age group (21-40 years), high percent of asymptomatic individuals, less disease severity and a little need of hospitalization.Copyright © 2023, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.
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Real-time forecasting of non-stationary time series is a challenging problem, especially when the time series evolves rapidly. For such cases, it has been observed that ensemble models consisting of a diverse set of model classes can perform consistently better than individual models. In order to account for the nonstationarity of the data and the lack of availability of training examples, the models are retrained in real-time using the most recent observed data samples. Motivated by the robust performance properties of ensemble models, we developed a Bayesian model averaging ensemble technique consisting of statistical, deep learning, and compartmental models for fore-casting epidemiological signals, specifically, COVID-19 signals. We observed the epidemic dynamics go through several phases (waves). In our ensemble model, we observed that different model classes performed differently during the various phases. Armed with this understanding, in this paper, we propose a modification to the ensembling method to employ this phase information and use different weighting schemes for each phase to produce improved forecasts. However, predicting the phases of such time series is a significant challenge, especially when behavioral and immunological adaptations govern the evolution of the time series. We explore multiple datasets that can serve as leading indicators of trend changes and employ transfer entropy techniques to capture the relevant indicator. We propose a phase prediction algorithm to estimate the phases using the leading indicators. Using the knowledge of the estimated phase, we selectively sample the training data from similar phases. We evaluate our proposed methodology on our currently deployed COVID-19 forecasting model and the COVID-19 ForecastHub models. The overall performance of the proposed model is consistent across the pandemic. More importantly, it is ranked second during two critical rapid growth phases in cases, regimes where the performance of most models from the ForecastHub dropped significantly. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: Infectious diseases have posed a major threat to human survival for centu-ries and can devastate entire populations. Recently, the global outbreak of COVID-19 has increased exponentially, affecting more than 200 countries and millions of lives since the fall of 2019, largely due to the ineffectiveness of existing antiviral therapies. WHO announced it a public health emer-gency of international concern. A significant waiting period in antiviral therapy hindered by the rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 aggravated the situation ensuing imposition of strict laws (e.g., communal dissociation, international travel restrictions, and mainte-nance of hygiene) that would help in inhibiting further outspread of COVID-19. Ayurveda system of medicine offers a holistic approach to the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective(s): This review aims to highlight the potential of medicinal herbs and Ayurvedic drugs as the remedial approach for viral diseases, such as COVID-19. Method(s): We reviewed the literature from journal publication websites and electronic databases, such as Bentham, Science Direct, Pub Med, Scopus, USFDA, etc. Result(s): The drugs used in the traditional system of medicine have the potential to prevent and cure the infected patient. Ayurvedic therapies are known for regulating immunity and rejuvenation properties that behold much promise in the management of COVID-19 disease. Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH recommends some precautionary fitness measures and an increase in immunity with special reference to respiratory health. Conclusion(s): While there is no medication for COVID-19 as of now, taking preventive measures and boosting body immunity is highly recommended. A number of medicinal plants that play an im-portant role in revitalizing the immune system are easily accessible in home remedies.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Objectives: There are studies highlighting TB trends in association with several factors like demographics, drug resistance, etc, but there is dearth of literature on performance of NTEP and its association with TB trends. Hence, present research aims at assessing the TB trend in association with NTEP from its inception, budget allocation, and expenditure. Further, study will highlight one of the best performing states in NTEP implementation strategies. Method(s): Its a retrospective study, data was extracted and analysed from official websites of the Central TB Division, National strategic plan reports, PubMed, and other grey literature. Study excluded literature on paediatric patients. Result(s): Study findings indicate trend of TB based on incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate for a period of 8 years starting from 2012 to 2020. From the trend, it's clear that mortality, incidence and prevalence rates are decreasing but impact of covid makes variations for the same. Looking at budget allocation, spending pattern, between 2012 to 2018 there was surplus of funds, whereas between 2019 to 2021 there is deficit. Trend analysis has revealed that the NTEP in India is performing well despite the pandemic effect. Conclusion(s): The study reported trends which shows mortality and incidence rates of tuberculosis in India are decreasing. But prevalence rate trend is increased in 2016 and 2017 due to the comorbidity condition like HIV and inaccuracy of data that is found in TB national report. The requested fund and approved budgeted fund differ significantly with actual fund released to the states. The budget and expenditure trend have revealed that allotted budget was underutilized in the early-stages and later expenditures exceed the budget, or the budget is overutilized. Finally, as per NTEP implementation among all the states, Assam is found to be one of the states that excels in outperforming on TB eradication in India with more data transparency.Copyright © 2022
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Background: Previous research has shown promising results of telepsychiatry in the form of patient satisfaction. However, its utilization in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and with bare minimum resources in the Indian context is scarcely studied. Aim: To evaluate patient satisfaction with telepsychiatry services delivered at a tertiary care hospital in Western Punjab. Methods: This study was done among 114 patients who had availed of telepsychiatry services between September and November 2021. The patients were interviewed telephonically using a pretested semi-structured tool that measured patient satisfaction on a 5-point Likert Scale. Results: The satisfaction rate was very high for various aspects of telepsychiatry services such as ease of seeking appointments, video quality, attending doctor's concern for the patient, time given, ability to procure medicines using the e-prescription and so on. Conclusion: Telepsychiatry services delivered through an easy medium encourage us to further strengthen and undertake more research into this aspect of health-care delivery.
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Biometric authentication is a self-sufficient technique to prove one's identity that could be used in various security authentication platforms such as airport immigration control, customer authentication, cyber forensics, and many others. Security and privacy are significant concerns in today's world. Using biometrics traits, we could achieve a superior level of security. The covid-19 virus almost fails the other biometric system. As we have become a mask-wearing society due to which face recognition system was failing, and we know the virus is spread through contact, the fingerprint biometric system also fails. Ear biometrics could have become a promising and helpful field to prove one identity over other biometrics. Various researches have been done with reasonable accuracy but in a constrained environment. Ear biometrics can also come over the significant hurdle of security concerns. A review of many existing techniques is conducted in this paper to determine which algorithm performs better and delivers higher accuracy. This paper contains findings from numerous ear detection studies and suggests a future-related method that will provide good efficient accuracy in ear detection under an unconstraint database. © 2022 IEEE.
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Introduction: Infertility is a clinically common disease, occurring in approximately 10% of women of childbearing age. There is a paucity of studies investigating hematological parameters among infertile women and the association of anemia with infertility. Aims & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia and the haematological profile among women undergoing infertility treatment. Material(s) and Method(s): This is a cross-sectional single centre descriptive study from Western India. Patients visiting artificial reproductive (ART) centre aged between 18-50 years and were cohabitating with husband for at least six months during the study period (Jan 2021 to Sep 2022) were screened for inclusion. Patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, malignancy, on chemotherapy for any malignancy, taking drugs interfering with Iron/ Vitamin B12/Folic acid metabolism and diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. All included patients were subjected to CBC using 7-part coulter and those with any haematological abnormality were further assessed by haematologist for establishing firm diagnosis. Those patients who didn't give consent for detailed evaluation or those who were lost to follow up because of COVID were excluded from the study. Data was analysed using JMP ver 16.0.0. Result(s): Study population included 108 patients with a mean age of 28.30 +/- 4.14y. Eighty percent of the study population were home makers. Average annual family income was 7.55 +/- 1.47 lakhs per year. The mean duration of infertility being 5.95 +/- 3.52 years with most of them having primary infertility (81%). RBC characteristics of study population being, Hb- 12.12 +/- 1.07 g/dL, MCV- 81.57 +/- 7.12fL, PCV-36.72 +/- 2.88%, RBCs-4.52 +/- 0.45million/ lL, MCH-26.99 +/- 2.86 pg, MCHC-33.02 +/- 1.11 g/L, and RDW- 14.96 +/- 2.17. Other hematological profiles of the infertility patients revealed a total leukocyte count of 7439 +/- 1897/muL, Platelets- 2.53 +/- 0.90/lL. Of all the patients 43% had anemia at presentation to the infertility clinic. Among those who had anemia 52% had microcytic hypochromic whereas 46% had normocytic normochromic with 2% having macrocytic anemia. Among those with microcytic hypochromic anaemia, the mean Mentzer index was 15.53 +/- 2.40. Irrespective of anemia status, 30% of patients had microcytosis. Most of the patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia had Iron deficiency with one two patients having BTT. The prevalent anemia was not higher than the background prevalence. None of the patients had any leukocyte or platelet disorders. Conclusion(s): There is no predominant haematological association with female infertility.
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The number of people affected by the ongoing coronavirus has fluctuated rapidly and it has become strenuous to predict when will this pandemic end. To impede the spread of this virus, it is the need of the hour to maintain a social distance, wear masks and sanitize regularly. No doubt, the mortality rate has escalated, summing to a large percentage of population and destroying lives and economies with it. In India, mortality has climbed to as high as 3.2% as per the Indian Express, with recovery rate summing to 81.55% according to Times of India. Therefore, it has become prudent to determine and predict the effect and drawbacks of various factors such as testing, mortality rate and confirmed cases on the recovery rate. Due to progression and evolution in the discipline of machine learning, it has become practicable to get a middling figure of effects of these factors on death rate. Regression, one of the most broadly exhausted machine learning and statistics algorithm, is used to make predictions from data by learning the relationship between the features. In this article, regression algorithms are used to anticipate the same by using a cumulative data of all states in India. Study compares the ramification of the number of testing done and their impact on the recuperation of life due to the virus. Therefore, based on the research and computing, it was found that ridge regression gave the highest accuracy equivalent to 99.6%. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Ethics as applied to medico-dental practice and associated research is called bioethics. From the Journal's inception, contributing authors have explored recurrent themes pertaining to bioethics. This early interest is a tribute to the keen foresight and enduring pride in professionalism that has persisted throughout the evolution of orthodontics. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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Aim: The study aimed to examine the quality of life (QOL) among oral healthcare professionals (OHCPs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted on 138 OHCPs (general dentists/specialists) from public and private sectors in India in July 2021 through emails and WhatsApp using the 26-item World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) tool to assess their QOL. Unpaired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were employed to check for the association between the demographic characteristics and the QOL with a p-value <0.05. Results: The overall mean QOL score of the study participants was 75.66 ± 12.4. The environmental domain reported the highest mean score of QOL (94.8), whereas the social relationship domain reported the lowest mean score of QOL (44.5). The type of work significantly affected the QOL scores in three out of four domains: physical (p = 0.04), psychological (p = 0.02), and social relationship domain (p = 0.003). About 68% of study participants felt their QOL was good or very good, while 7% considered it poor or very poor. Conclusion: The QOL of OHCPs has been significantly influenced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the four domains, the social relationship domain has been the most severely impacted, which could lead to higher psychological stress for OHCPs while providing dental care to patients. Clinical significance: Like frontline workers, dental professionals are also suffering from increased psychological stress while rendering oral care to patients. Hence, there is an utmost need for wellness programs to be organized to improve the QOL of OHCPs in the country. © The Author(s). 2022.
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Even more than two years, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been emerging as a harshening name which influence the health indicator of human being by life threatening illness in all over world. It had been revealed first time in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological sources of COVID-19. There is currently no precise treatment or vaccine against COVID-19. India is second highly condensed country in the world, where is the limited sources of earning, education as well as technology. Therefore, in the shortcoming of pharmaceutical preparation, the advanced implementation of precautions and hygienic measures will be essential to control and to minimize human transmission of the virus. In response to the rapidly escalating number of publications on the emerging disease, this review attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of recent development and present situation of India in view of COVID-19. It has been more than two years of this havoc, still it is not eradicated completely. We will cover the preliminary knowledge towards the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease in the world as well as in India. Meanwhile many questions will be arising day by day;we are expecting that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease as a future outcome. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: The transplant community had to adjust to a new way of practicing medicine during the COVID-19 viral pandemic. Our transplant center quickly adapted to virtual clinic visits to maintain the safety of our immunosuppressed patients. The purpose of this study was to examine how patients and providers regarded this new method of delivering healthcare. Method(s): Patients with a telehealth transplant clinic visit between March 2020 and April 2021 were recruited to participate in a telephone survey, which consisted of 19 statements rating their experience on a 5-point Likert Scale. Two additional questions allowed participants to offer suggestions for improvement. Demographic information was also collected. Multi-specialty healthcare providers and support staff in the transplant division who had conducted telehealth visits were contacted via email to participate in an electronic survey, consisting of 25 statements that asked providers to assess their telehealth experience on a 5-point Likert Scale. They were also able to provide additional comments regarding their experience. Result(s): Results are summarized in Table 1. The majority of patients and providers had an electronic device that allowed access to video telehealth visits and felt that the telehealth platform was easy to navigate. Statistical significance was found between not pursuing higher education and not having a video visit-capable device (p=0.035). Retired or disabled patients were more likely to find that setting up an account and navigating the video platform was difficult (p=0.022). Both patients and providers agreed that when they experienced connectivity issues with the video platform, it was easy to convert to a telephone call. Both groups reported having ample time during their telehealth visit and felt that all questions and concerns were adequately addressed. More patients than providers preferred the telehealth visit to an in-person clinic visit, as they mentioned the convenience of the telehealth visit when a lengthy commute was involved. Conclusion(s): The viral pandemic required both patients and providers to adapt to telehealth visits. Social determinants of health should be taken into consideration to provide sufficient care, as certain populations may require extra assistance to utilize this platform effectively. Overall, most providers and patients agreed that adequate care can be provided via telehealth, supporting the continued use of this platform in the future.
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SESSION TITLE: COVID-19 Co-Infections SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Baricitinib with Remdesivir has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients requiring supplemental oxygen and is used across the United States. However, limited post-marketing surveillance data is currently available for these drugs. We present a case of an unvaccinated, immunocompetent patient with Herpes-Zoster virus (HZV) infection following baricitinib administration. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old African-American male with unknown vaccination status for Herpes zoster presented with worsening shortness of breath for 1 week. He had an SpO2 85% on presentation however had to be subsequently intubated due to worsening hypoxia in the ER. Cardiorespiratory exam was remarkable for diminished bibasilar breath sounds. Lab work was significant for positive COVID-19, elevated leukocytes and deranged inflammatory markers. CT chest showed bilateral ground glass opacities. He received a 14 day course of baricitinib, 10 days of dexamethasone and 5 days of remdesivir during his hospital stay. Tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy were performed due to prolonged vent dependence. On day 37 of hospitalization, the patient developed vesicular rashes over his left shoulder and anterior chest. Disseminated HZV infection was confirmed based on serologic testing. Patient received 7 days of valacyclovir with complete resolution. He was eventually discharged to a pulmonary rehabilitation center. DISCUSSION: Baricitinib was first developed for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and acts by reversible inhibition of JAK1 and JAK2. These proteins have been implicated in COVID-19 pathophysiology;promoting intracellular assembly of SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent cytokine release. Baricitinib in COVID-19 leads to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine release, antibody production, monocyte activation and viral proliferation. [1] There have been several studies published in support of Baricitinib induced HZV infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients, however there is little data available in COVID patients. Nonetheless, immunomodulatory action is the same. A study comparing the incidence rate (IR) of Baricitinib emergent HZV infection per 100 patient years (PY) vs placebo found IR/100PY 4.3 (p<_0.01) vs 3.1 (p not significant) [2]. Another study found the HZV IR vs placebo of 4.3 vs 1.0, with all-bari-RA IR was 3.2 (95% CI 2.8-3.7) [3]. In our case, the patient developed HZV infection after baricitinib treatment, demonstrating its immunomodulatory effects. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the ability of baricitinib to cause immunosuppression and hence causing HZV infection in COVID-19 affected patients. Reference #1: Schwartz DM, Bonelli M, Gadina M, O'shea JJ. Type I/II cytokines, JAKs, and new strategies for treating autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(1):25. Reference #2: Kevin L, Masayoshi H, Mark C et al. Infections in baricitinib clinical trials for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis.2020 Oct;79(10):1290-1297. Reference #3: Joseph S, Mark C, Tsutomu T et al. Safety profile of Baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with over 2 years median time in treatment. The Journal of Rheumatology January 2019, 46 (1) 7-18;DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.171361 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Mark Aloysius No relevant relationships by Gursharan Kaur No relevant relationships by Mohammed Musa Najmuddin No relevant relationships by mashu shrivastava
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SESSION TITLE: Issues After COVID-19 Vaccination Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were introduced to mitigate the spread of the virus. Depending on the COVID-19 vaccine, regimens consist of one dose (ie, J&J) or two doses (ie, Pfizer and Moderna) and is followed by a third dose/booster (for immunocompromised/immunocompetent individuals). Here, we present a case of COVID-19 infection in a triple vaccinated patient with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) who was unable to mount an adequate immune response to the vaccine. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient is a 67 year old male with PMH of RA (on DMARDs) presented to the ED with complaints of shortness of breath. He was on treatment for RA with leflunomide, rituximab and prednisone. He was COVID-19 triple vaccinated. In ED, the patient was found to be hypoxic, saturating at 87% on room air with a respiratory rate of 18. Physical examination was significant for coarse breath sounds bilaterally and remaining vitals were unremarkable. Patient was initially placed on 3 L oxygen via NC but due to persistent hypoxia, was transitioned to high-flow nasal cannula. Further investigations revealed that the patient was COVID-19 positive. He was treated with remdesivir and dexamethasone. His oxygen requirements continued to escalate and he was ultimately intubated. While in the ICU, the patient's hypoxia continued to worsen despite optimal medical and ventilatory management and he subsequently died. DISCUSSION: DMARDs are a group of medications used to slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. They work by reducing the immune response of B cells, T cells and cytokines. Our patient was on two commonly prescribed medications for rheumatoid arthritis, leflunomide and rituximab. The former acts by inhibiting the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, thereby decreasing T lymphocyte production and the latter depletes CD-20 positive B cells. While there is limited data on COVID-19 vaccine, it has been established that patients on DMARDs have reduced antibody titres after immunization against influenza and pneumonia vaccinations [1, 2]. A study assessing the effectiveness of a third vaccine dose in patients taking rituximab vs placebo found a significant difference in seroconversion (78.8% vs 18.2%, p=<0.0001) and neutralizing activity (80.0% vs 21.9%, p=<0.0001) [3]. In our case, the patient was on two immunosuppressive drugs which suppressed both the humoral and cell mediated immunity, resulting in an inadequate immune response and subsequently developing COVID. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights patients on immunosuppressant therapy failing to mount an adequate immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine, warranting more booster doses in patients on DMARDs. Reference #1: Adler S, Krivine A, Weix J et al. Protective effect of A/ H1N1 vaccination in immune-mediated disease–a prospectively controlled vaccination study. Rheumatology 2012;51:695–700. Reference #2: Franca ILA, Ribeiro ACM, Aikawa NE et al. TNF blockers show distinct patterns of immune response to the pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine in inflammatory arthritis patients. Rheumatology 2012;51:2091–8. Reference #3: David S, Koray T, Filippo F et al. Efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 revaccination in non-responders with immune-mediated inflammatory disease. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221554 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Gursharan Kaur No relevant relationships by Aishwarya Krishnaiah No relevant relationships by sandeep mandal
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To meet the demands for highest level security of today's world, a sophisticated security management system is essential. An access control system generally categorized into biometric and non-biometric types based upon contact or contactless in operation. This research work aims to survey the preferences of people, for understanding the role and need of access control systems during the difficult pandemic situation through an online survey. This survey finds that various access control solutions fail to provide the required security during this worldwide pandemic due to their contact-based operations. Henceforth, a feasible integrated electronic access control system requires to be adopted to fulfill the expectations of users amid global pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide concern ever since first being reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. With no known cure, there is widespread fear-provoking interest in studying the factors contributing to mortality. Aim and Objectives: The current study was undertaken with a view to try to understand the cause of morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study done in our Institution on COVID-19 patients admitted over a course of 3 months after approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: We had 17 deaths over the period under consideration whereas 73 patients improved (mortality = 19%, n = 90). Most of the patients were in the 41–80 years age group (>70%). No gender preponderance was found with mortality in each being around 20%. A clear correlation between co-morbidities and mortality was found with no person without any comorbidity succumbing to the disease. Respiratory and Heart conditions were found to contribute most to mortality with patients presenting with shortness of breath being most at risk. Similarly, a Neutrophil: Lymphocyte ratio greater than 12 was found to significantly increase the mortality. Conclusion: Patients with comorbidities need to be monitored closely with treatment being directed at improving the respiratory outcome.